Who invented junction transistor

In April , he and Teal began adding two successive pellets into the melt, the first with a p-type impurity and the second n-type, forming n-p-n structures with a thin inner, or base, layer. Bell Labs announced this advance on July 4, in a press conference featuring Shockley.

Previous Milestone Next Milestone. Contemporary Documents Czochralski, J. Patent 2,, Filed June 15, Issued March 17, Teal, Gordon K. After Bardeen and Brattain's December invention of the point-contact transistor Milestone , Bell Labs physicist William Shockley began a month of intense theoretical activity.

On January 23, he conceived a distinctly different transistor based on the p-n junction discovered by Russell Ohl in Shockley also disagreed with Bardeen's explanation of how their transistor worked. He claimed that positively charged holes could also penetrate through the bulk germanium material - not only trickle along a surface layer. Called "minority carrier injection," this phenomenon was crucial to operation of his junction transistor, a three-layer sandwich of n-type and p-type semiconductors separated by p-n junctions.

This is how all "bipolar" junction transistors work today. On February 16, , physicist John Shive achieved transistor action in a sliver of germanium with point contacts on opposite sides, not next to each other, demonstrating that holes were indeed flowing through the germanium.

Latest book. Work in the Age of Data. Start William Shockley and the Invention of the Transistor. Science Leading Figures. Computing History Nobel Prize Research. Estimated reading time Time 4 to read.

One of the official photographs with which Bell Labs announced the invention of the transistor: Bardeen left , Shockley center and Brattain right. Nobel Media AB Related publications Walter H. Do you want to stay up to date with our new publications? Receive the OpenMind newsletter with all the latest contents published on our website Find out more here.

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